It depends on what you’re wearing and how long you’re going to be in the sun. It also depends on how often you wash your clothes.
While most fabrics provide some protection from the sun’s damaging ultraviolet rays, not all clothes are created equal. A garment’s color, stretchiness, condition (new or worn), thickness, tightness of the weave, and whether or not it’s wet all play a role in how well it guards against the sun.
In general, lighter colors and cotton provide the least protection, while darker colors and polyester provide the most. But even that’s not always going to be true: Researchers have found that getting linen, viscose, and polyester fabrics wet , while soaking cotton and polyester has the opposite effect. And just about every fabric becomes better at protecting against the sun after multiple washings; in one study, researchers found that just five trips through the wash with a detergent containing a bleaching agent like Tide With Bleach , from a UPF of about 13 to 68.
And that brings us to UPF. It stands for “ultraviolet protection factor,” and it’s the sun protection rating system used for clothing—it’s similar to SPF in sunscreen. The Australian government developed a standard for testing the protection factor of clothing in 1992 to help combat against an epidemic of skin cancer in that country, according to . The U.S. adopted the Australian UPF rating system later that decade and only gives it to garments that earn ratings of 15 or higher and whose manufacturers have paid for testing. A garment granted a UPF rating is supposed to through two years of the “normal seasonal” use, or about of ultraviolet exposure.
And that brings us to your original question. If you’re playing beach volleyball in your favorite white cotton tee, which probably has a UPF of about 5, then yes, you should apply sunscreen underneath it. (Apply your sunscreen at least eight minutes before you put your shirt on, so as not to decrease your sunscreen’s SPF, .) If you’re going for a long run in the sun, you might want to forgo sunscreen, which you could sweat off, and reach for UPF-rated technical clothing instead. It’s all up to you.